The Bicarbonate Blood Test, also known as the CO₂ Blood Test, measures the level of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) in the bloodstream. Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to maintain the body's pH balance and works with other electrolytes—such as sodium, potassium, and chloride—to regulate hydration and acid-base equilibrium. This test is often ordered to monitor conditions like kidney disease, lung disease, and metabolic disorders. It is also part of routine health screenings to ensure electrolyte levels are within normal limits. Fluctuations in bicarbonate levels can indicate potential health concerns. Low bicarbonate may suggest metabolic acidosis, which can be associated with kidney disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe infections, while elevated levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis, possibly related to dehydration, vomiting, or lung diseases.

Abnormal bicarbonate levels in the bloodstream can suggest an imbalance in the body’s acid-base status, which may lead to various health issues. Low bicarbonate can point toward acidosis, affecting kidney and lung function, while high bicarbonate may suggest alkalosis, potentially leading to symptoms like fatigue, breathing difficulties, and muscle spasms. Monitoring bicarbonate levels provides critical information for managing metabolic health and electrolyte stability.

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